What is defined as actions or inactions by flight crew leading to problems?

The term that refers to actions or inactions by flight crew that lead to problems is known as Threat and Error Management (TEM) Error. In the context of aviation and flight operations, TEM is a systematic approach to identifying and mitigating various threats and errors that can occur during flight. This framework recognizes that human factors play a significant role in safety and operational effectiveness.

TEM Errors specifically identify errors made by flight crew members, whether through incorrect actions (active errors) or mistakes of omission (latent errors). Understanding and managing these errors is crucial for enhancing safety and preventing incidents or accidents in aviation. This recognition of crew actions and inactions demonstrates the focus on ensuring that human factors are accounted for in flight safety protocols.

Management errors, technical errors, and environmental errors, while relevant to aviation safety, do not specifically capture the human element of actions or inactions by flight crew as the central concern of the question. TEM Error specifically addresses the performance of the crew, making it the most accurate choice in this context.